|
|
History and presence of oak stands in Europe
Kloučková, Dominika ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Janda, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this work is to evaluate historical human impact on the expansion of European oak stands in the past through scientific publications and to find existing limitations that affect the oak recovery ability. The European historical forest is characterized by coppicing, of which origins date back to the Neolithic period. The coppice featured vegetative renewal, in the coppice with standards there were left standards of the generative origin, often oaks. Both forms have a very long tradition in European countries. People used the sprouting capacity and the quick regeneration of oak especially for construction purposes and their need for firewood. Acorns secured the source of food for pig farming. Based on for example the ring width or pollen analysis, current methods of research permit to assess the impact of active management on the oak stands and outline the structure of primeval forests. It turned out that coppicing has a positive effect on the increment of oak standards and that the open landscape with a rich diversity of species, which features a picture of a primeval forest, was always maintained especially by a man starting forest fires. Since the mid-20th century, it was gradually transferred to the high shape of the wood, which favors generative way to recovery, and thus monocultures of often coniferous trees are created. Oak is currently health endangered tree species and its recovery is negatively affected by grazing deer (browsing), the influence of abrupt climate change, weed, pathogenic fungi of the genus Phytophthora, oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides), tracheomycotic diseases or larvae of winter moth (Operophtera Brumata) and green oak moth (Tortrix viridana). Finally, it is inappropriately selected management that is not based on the rich history of this species and doesn´t preserve its characteristic natural properties.
|
|
|
Initial vegetative regeneration of broad-leaved woody plants on the experimental site of reserved coppice-with-standards woodland in the NR Na Voskopě, Czech Karst
Dekan, Petr ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čada, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis deals with the intensity of tree regeneration in the initial phase of development of future coppice stand. The research was conducted in PR Na Voskopě in the Czech Karst on an experimental strip measuring 25x125 m. This strip was felled in the early spring of 2015 (JELENECKÁ, 2015), there were 14 standards left for the future development of coppice-with-standards forest. The most abundant tree species are hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and oak (Quercus sp.), there is also the maple (Acer campestre) and service tree (Sorbus torminalis), other trees have only a minimal representation. The average measured age of the felled oak equals 87 years and that of hornbeam equals 74 years, after model calculation for the hornbeam the average age was assessed as 68 years. On the felled strip there were 538 stumps recorded at the end of the growing season (3. - 4. 10. 2015), eight parameters of stump and root re-sprouting (height of the highest sprouts, total number of sprouts, the average height of sprouts, the largest horizontal width of the whole sprouting bunch, browsing rate of sprouts, presence of root sprouts and the sprout cluster presence). The analysis used data taken from Field-Map inventory (JELENECKÁ, 2015). Evaluation of the data showed that DBH has a significant effect on the regeneration of sprouts mainly for the hornbeam, but no effect for the oak. Topographic gradient along the strip also has some effect on the regeneration of sprouts, oak more intensively regenerates at the bottom of the slope and hornbeam in the upper part of the slope. Amid the slope there was some reduction in regeneration, most probably due to the game influence (mouflons). Browsing sprouts is on this experimental strip enormous. Despite adverse weather conditions (drought and heat) in 2015 regenerates in this relatively extreme habitat 91 % stumps.
|
guest ::
